Harlequin Duck illustration
Birdsong field guide

Harlequin Duck

Histrionicus histrionicus

A small, vividly patterned sea duck specialized for life in turbulent waters, ranging from torrential mountain streams to crashing coastal surf. The drake's striking slate-blue plumage with white patches and chestnut flanks makes it one of the most distinctive waterfowl in the world.

What it sounds like

High-pitched, thin, squeaky whistles and chirps that resemble the sound of a mouse.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Bruce Lagerquist · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Known as the 'sea mouse' because its vocalizations consist of high-pitched, mouse-like squeaks rather than typical quacks.
  • It is uniquely adapted to high-energy water environments, possessing higher bone density than most other ducks to help it stay submerged.
  • Necropsies often show that many adult Harlequin Ducks have numerous healed bone fractures from being tossed against rocks by heavy surf and rapids.
  • Unlike most migratory waterfowl, they move from coastal wintering grounds to inland mountain streams to breed, often nesting in rock crevices or tree cavities near whitewater.
  • They feed by diving and walking along the bottom of fast-moving rivers, using their strong feet to cling to rocks while hunting for aquatic larvae.
Habitat
Fast-flowing, rocky mountain streams for breeding; rugged, wave-washed rocky coasts and kelp beds for wintering.
Range
Holarctic distribution across the Northern Pacific and North Atlantic, including Alaska, Canada, the Pacific Northwest, Greenland, and Iceland.
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