Greater Yellow-headed Vulture illustration
Birdsong field guide

Greater Yellow-headed Vulture

Cathartes melambrotus

A large, dark scavenger of the Amazonian rainforest canopy, distinguished by its vibrant yellow-orange head and exceptional sense of smell.

What it sounds like

Lacks a syrinx; limited to soft, raspy hisses or low-pitched guttural grunts.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Cameron Rutt · BrazilCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Possesses a highly developed olfactory bulb, allowing it to locate carrion hidden under dense forest foliage.
  • It was only formally recognized as a distinct species from the Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture in 1964.
  • Unlike its closer relatives, it prefers the interior of primary tropical forests rather than open grasslands.
  • It often acts as a 'scout' for larger scavengers like King Vultures, which may follow it to a food source.
  • Its wingspan can reach up to 178 cm, making it significantly larger and broader-winged than the Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture.
Habitat
Primary tropical moist lowland forests.
Range
Amazon Basin of South America, spanning Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, and the Guianas.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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