Elf Owl illustration
Birdsong field guide

Elf Owl

Micrathene whitneyi

The Elf Owl is the world's smallest bird of prey, a diminutive nocturnal insectivore primarily associated with the arid landscapes of the American Southwest. It is distinguished by its sparrow-like size, lack of ear tufts, and bright yellow eyes.

What it sounds like

A series of high-pitched, yapping or chuckling notes often compared to the sound of a puppy.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
0:00 / 1:11
Rec. David Tattersley · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Measuring only 5 to 6 inches long, it is officially the smallest owl species in the world.
  • It primarily nests in abandoned woodpecker holes located within Saguaro cacti or sycamore trees.
  • Unlike most raptors, its diet is almost exclusively insectivorous, focusing on beetles, moths, and scorpions.
  • The species is known to 'play dead' when handled, a defense mechanism called thanatosis.
  • It is a migratory owl, spending its breeding season in the U.S. before retreating to central Mexico for the winter.
Habitat
Arid thorn scrub, Saguaro cactus forests, and riparian woodlands.
Range
Southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas) and Mexico.
Heard a Elf Owl?

Open Birdsong, tap record, and identify the bird singing near you in seconds — then collect it in your field journal.

Identify a bird by its song