Common Ostrich illustration
Birdsong field guide

Common Ostrich

Struthio camelus

The Common Ostrich is the world's largest and heaviest living bird, a flightless ratite specialized for high-speed locomotion across the African savanna. It is the only extant bird that belongs to the genus Struthio and is characterized by its massive size and powerful, two-toed feet.

What it sounds like

Males produce a deep, resonant, three-syllable booming roar often mistaken for a lion's call, alongside various hisses, snorts, and guttural alarm sounds.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Marc Anderson · BotswanaCC BY-NC-NDXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is the only bird species with just two toes on each foot, an adaptation that enhances running efficiency and defensive kicking power.
  • Ostriches possess the largest eyes of any land vertebrate, measuring roughly 5 cm in diameter, which are larger than their own brains.
  • They are the fastest bipeds on Earth, capable of reaching sustained speeds of 50 km/h and sprinting bursts of up to 70 km/h.
  • Unlike most birds, ostriches lack a uropygial (preen) gland and a keeled sternum, and they excrete urine separately from feces.
  • They utilize a communal nesting system where a 'major' female and several 'minor' females lay up to 60 eggs in a single scrape, primarily incubated by the major female and the male.
Habitat
Open semi-arid plains, savannas, and short-grass prairies.
Range
Sub-Saharan Africa, with distinct populations in East, Southern, and West Africa.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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