Apapane illustration
Birdsong field guide

Apapane

Himatione sanguinea

The Apapane is a vibrant crimson Hawaiian honeycreeper and a key pollinator of native forests. It is the most abundant and widespread of the surviving endemic honeycreepers.

What it sounds like

An erratic, complex series of metallic chips, liquid whistles, and raspy trills, often delivered in long, disorganized bouts.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Bobby Wilcox · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is the primary pollinator of the ʻōhiʻa lehua tree, feeding extensively on its nectar with a specialized brush-tipped tongue.
  • Apapane are highly nomadic, frequently flying long distances between islands or elevations to track seasonal nectar blooms.
  • The species produces a distinctive 'wing whirring' sound during flight, caused by the specialized structure of its primary feathers.
  • Unlike many other Hawaiian honeycreepers, the Apapane has developed a level of relative tolerance to avian malaria.
  • Males are known for their incredibly complex and variable song, which can include mimicry and over 10 different types of vocalizations.
Habitat
Montane mesic and wet forests dominated by ʻōhiʻa lehua and koa trees.
Range
Main Hawaiian Islands (Hawaiʻi, Maui, Lānaʻi, Molokaʻi, Oʻahu, and Kauaʻi).

Similar & commonly confused birds

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