American Tree Sparrow illustration
Birdsong field guide

American Tree Sparrow

Spizelloides arborea

A hardy, small songbird recognized by its rufous cap and a distinctive dark spot centered on its plain gray breast. It is a frequent winter visitor to feeders and weedy fields throughout the northern United States.

What it sounds like

A sweet, high-pitched musical series of tinkling notes; call is a thin 'tseet' and the song starts with clear, high whistles.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Valerie Heemstra · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Despite its name, this species primarily nests on or near the ground in low shrubs rather than in tall trees.
  • It features a unique bicolored bill, with a dark-gray upper mandible and a bright yellow lower mandible.
  • To survive cold winter nights, an individual must consume roughly 30 percent of its body weight in food and water each day.
  • Recent genetic analysis led to its reclassification into the monotypic genus Spizelloides, separating it from the Spizella sparrows.
  • They are known to engage in 'ground-scratching' to uncover seeds, often using both feet simultaneously in a backwards hop.
Habitat
Arctic tundra edges and scrubby thickets during breeding; weedy fields, hedgerows, and residential gardens in winter.
Range
Breeds in Alaska and northern Canada; winters across the northern and central United States and southern Canada.
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